A series of international surveys confirms this: there are only spontaneous remissions and drugs. But it has not identified a type of approach, from psychodynamic to the system which prevails over all others.
E 'useful to use the psychoanalyst or psychotherapist? Or is it better when you are anxious, insecure, depressed, or fall prey to an obsession turn to drugs?
We believe that the psychoanalytic cure or remission, if any, is linked to the passage of time and so spontaneous? And again: how to orient in the wide variety of schools and therapeutic approaches on the market? Methods are more effective than others?
Methodology
answers these questions an interesting article published in "Contemporary Psychology" magazine "historical" of Italian psychologists. The author, Mauro Fornaro, explains how at the end of the sixties were born - also under pressure from insurance companies and national health services that invest their money in psychotherapy or - of the international associations with branches in several Western countries, including Italy, too. Institutional role of these associations is to take care of psychotherapy research, promoting s Tubes able to follow the therapeutic process from beginning to end.
The survey method used in these studies is as complex as rigorous and now we have responses rather interesting and somewhat 'surprising. A first result, consensus is that psychotherapies have a certain success rate above the spontaneous remissions . For each disease in question, in fact, the effects are significantly higher than control groups, or at least equal or superior to treatment with psychotropic drugs, which still make more lasting effects. 60-80% of cases treated show significant improvements.
If you then use magnetic resonance imaging and other techniques to explore the brain, is a combination of psychotherapy between success and significant changes in the functioning of brain areas involved .
Needless to say, this result provides a substantial shot in the arm to all those who engage in psychotherapy, whose effectiveness was questioned by the pioneering research conducted in the fifties by the psychologist Hans Eysenck.
intriguing result
The second result is more intriguing and surprising. Comparing the results from research conducted on treatment programs conducted with different techniques and approaches (psychodynamic-psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic-existential, systemic-relational, etc..) Has revealed that there 'is evidence that one approach is superior to another. On this point, the researchers would be worth the Dodo bird verdict (a character Alice in Wonderland): "Everybody has won, and each deserves an award."
But if the technical school are not determinative of the success of treatment, q then and what are the factors that contribute most to the success of treatment? More than the specific factors, namely the method and treatment techniques, that accounts for no more than 8%, the curative effect depends largely on the f actors nonspecific. T wings factors consist mainly in the therapist: its experience, your talent, his human qualities of listening and availability and also in the quality of the relationship that develops between him and the patient . A key factor would be the so-called therapeutic alliance, " ie a mix of trust of the patient against the therapist's empathic availability of the latter and, above all, the feeling el 'commitment by both sides to work together towards a common goal.
Link deep
Although it is not friendship, what unites the patient to the therapist is a deep connection that allows the patient to speak freely without feeling judged or criticized. These feelings of being involved in a relationship stable, secure, honest, non-coercive and "nutritious" inside which can be expressed spontaneously, without having to suffer the consequences. In this climate, he begins to ask questions about what he does not know himself, which feeds his interest and his commitment el or port to start thinking differently coming from habitual patterns.
Prof. Anna Oliverio Ferraris
UNIVERSITA 'LA SAPIENZA - ROMA
www.lastampa.it
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